5^th Annual Congress on Infectious Diseases October 16-17, 2019 Barcelona, Spain

Biography:

Princess Alexandra B. Duque-David completed Doctor of Medicine at the age of 24 years at Far Eastern University- NRMF, Quezon City, Philippines. Recently, completed her residency training in Pediatrics at Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital, Pampanga, Philippines.

Abstract:

Measles is a highly contagious disease that often leads to substantial morbidity among pediatric patients especially when not addressed properly. While vaccination has already been implemented in the country, there is still a resurgence of measles outbreak. The study aims to describe the demographic and clinical profile of pediatric patients diagnosed with measles during the recent measles outbreak in a tertiary hospital in Central Luzon, Philippines; and to investigate the relationship of nutrition and measles immunization status with the outcomes of measles infection A ross sectional analytic study, conducted in Tertiary training government hospital situated in Pampanga. Patients included in the study were less than 19 years old, admitted between January to April 2019, and manifested the following criteria for suspected measles:  fever, generalized maculopapular rash, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis. A total of 373 patients were included in this study, 60% (224) were males and 40% (149) were females. Majority were under 0-6 months, 40% (149). Most cases came from Pampanga, 333 (89.2%).  Three Hundred fifty five (95%) were classified as clinically compatible measles, seven (2%) were laboratory confirmed and all seven had Measles IgM antibodies, while four (1%) were epidemiologically linked cases. Most of the cases manifested the classic symptoms of measles: fever 100%, rashes 99%, cough 96%, colds 84%, conjunctivitis 55% while Koplik’s spots was seen in only 13% of cases. As to exposure, those with exposure (49%) and without exposure (51%) are almost the same.  Majority of the patients (285, 76%) had no measles vaccine and the top reason for non-immunization is the issue on the patients being too young for vaccination (9 months and below). Majority had normal nutritional status (72.4%). 312 reported the occurrence of clinical complications in patients with measles. Pneumonia was seen in 75% of cases and 9.3% had diarrhea. The occurrence of diarrhea is not directly correlated (p value 0.823) with the outcome of measles while Pneumonia shows significant correlation (p-value<0.001) with outcomes of measles. Death among patients was seen on cases of with pneumonia. The occurrence of pneumonia is not significantly correlated with nutritional status (p value 0.083) while diarrhea is significantly correlated with nutritional status (p value 0.027). Two hundred forty eight patients with normal nutritional status did not develop diarrhea.  Vaccination status shows significant correlation with occurrence of pneumonia (p-value 0.001). Out of the 285 non-vaccinated cases, 223 developed pneumonia. Vaccination status did not show significant correlation with occurrence of diarrhea (p-value 0.946). Nutritional status and vaccination status was not significantly correlated with measles outcome with the following p value of 0.605 and 0.120.In terms of outcome, 90% of the patients were discharged and 10% of the patients died.

Biography:

Dra Helena Lucia Barroso dos Reis is PhD student of Infectious Disease Program at Federal University of Espírito Santo,Brazil.She is a Coordinator of Infectious Disease and Aids Outpatient Clinic at UFES. She has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute. 

Abstract:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, as well as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a worldwide epidemic, can have severe consequences in terms of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile and reproductive outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women.

Biography:

I am 31 years old .Im PhD candidate in Epidemiology at KMU in Iran. I research in Heamovigilance field,my thesis title is  "study of donorvigilance status  in Iran".
 

Abstract:

The screening method used in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO) to screen donated blood has been improved over time base on new technologies of screening methods. For example, prior to 2010, screening tests were carried out using portable ELAISA testing kits which lacked the necessary accuracy due to human error. However, between years 2009 and 2010, the method shifted from the use of manual testing kits to the use of the automation method. This intervention created a new screening procedure which removed the human error and increased the accuracy in reporting confirmed Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) result tests, and hence, led to much more accurate and reliable test results.

In order to assess the effects of upgrading the mentioned screening methods, it is needed to develop a plan to analyze the situation of screening results, before and after this switching. The effectiveness of switching the methods of TTIs screening system has been analyzed by Interrupted Time Series (ITS) model. This study was conducted to show the effect of the new screening method on identifying new cases of TTIs. This is the first report of the rate of TTIs in national level among Iranian donated bloods.

The prevalence of TTIs before the intervention (the new screening method) showed a decreasing trend between the years 2003 to 2009. After the introduction of the intervention (the new screening method), the new trend for infection prevalence was still decreasing but showed a constant change compared to the pre-intervention trend. This constant changed compared to the previous year’s results in identification of 61.4, 4.5 and 0.25 more cases of HBV, HCV and HIV compared to the expected pre-intervention values which is statistically significant (P<0.001). he presented study indicates an overall low infection rate and provides evidences for the effectiveness of modern safety measures in improving the level of blood safety in Iran.

Biography:

Karla Kohan-Ivani has completed his PhD at the age of 29 years from University of Chile. Since 2015 she works in the National Reference Laboratory of Tuberculosis of Chile. In 2016 she was in charge of the molecular epidemiology area of ​​tuberculosis and since the present year she has been focused on the antibiotic resistance phenomenon of this disease

Abstract:

In 2017 WHO reported 160.684 cases of multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB). In Chile, an initial resistance study was carried out in 2012 on a part of the notified pulmonary-TB cases, the study showed a global resistance to 1.3% of MDR/RR-TB. However, since the total number of cases was not assessed, the data could not be representative. In 2014, as recommended by the WHO, Chile implemented universal susceptibility surveillance for rifampicin and isoniazid for all bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary-TB cases. The aim of this study was obtained the resistance profile of the country with the application of the new standard between 2015-2017. Laboratories of the National Tuberculosis Program of Chile performed sputum smears and cultures to symptomatic respiratory patients. All positive cultures were sent to the National Reference Laboratory, where drug susceptibility test (DST) for rifampicin and isoniazid was carried out using Line Probe Assays. The DST coverage was stable at 79% between 2015-2016 for new and previously-treated patients, however, 82% coverage was achieved in 2017. Regarding isoniazid-resistance, the frequency among total cases decreased from 4.1% (2015) to reach 2.4% (2017). For MDR/RR-TB cases, the frequency showed an increase in the last years to reach in 2017 2.1% and 6.7% for new and previously-treated cases respectively. The expected frequency of MDR/RR-TB among new cases was 2% and 5.9% previously-treated cases. Both estimates are reached in Chile, which reinforces the importance of universal surveillance. Further studies should be performed in order to appraise the effects of this public policy on MDR/RR-TB treatment.